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Fernand Léger

French painter

Joseph Fernand Henri Léger (French:[fɛʁnɑ̃leʒe]; February 4, 1881 – August 17, 1955) was a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker. In his early works he created a personal form of cubism (known as "tubism") which he gradually modified into a more figurative, populist style. His boldly simplified treatment of modern subject matter has caused him to be regarded as a forerunner of pop art.

Biography

Léger was born in Argentan, Orne, Lower Normandy, where his father raised cattle. Fernand Léger initially trained as an architect from 1897 to 1899, before moving in 1900 to Paris, where he supported himself as an architectural draftsman. After military service in Versailles, Yvelines, in 1902–1903, he enrolled at the School of Decorative Arts after his application to the École des Beaux-Arts was rejected. He nevertheless attended the Beaux-Arts as a non-enrolled student, spending what he described as "three empty and useless years" studying with Gérôme and others, while also studying at the Académie Julian.^[1]^[2]

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Throughout his life and career, Fernand Léger consistently sought to capture in his art the dynamism and constantly changing conditions of modern life. He dabbled in painterly abstraction and with a mechanical aesthetic, exhibited with the Cubists and Purists, and experimented with media as diverse as painting, drawing, works on paper, muralism, set design, book illustration, ceramics, and film. As an artist and art teacher, his examinations and interrogations of modernism played a significant role for future generations of twentieth-century artists.

Born on February 4, 1881, in Normandy, France, Léger grew up in a family of cattle farmers who discouraged his interest in an artistic career. He worked as an architectural apprentice in Caen from 1897 to 1899 before moving to Paris in 1900. There he supported his artistic training by working as an architectural draftsman and photography retoucher. Although he was rejected by the École des Beaux-Arts, Léger studied painting as an unenrolled student under the French academic painter Jean-Léon Gérôme () until 1904. His approach to fo

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Summary of Fernand Léger

Though Fernand Léger built his reputation as a Cubist, his style varied considerably from decade to decade, fluctuating between figuration and abstraction and showing influence from a wide range of sources. Léger worked in a variety of media including paint, ceramic, film, theater and dance sets, glass, print, and book arts. While his style varied, his work was consistently graphic, favoring primary colors, pattern, and bold form.

Accomplishments

Léger embraced the Cubist notion of fracturing objects into geometric shapes, but retained an interest in depicting the illusion of three-dimensionality. Léger's unique brand of Cubism was also distinguished by his focus on cylindrical form and his use of robot-like human figures that expressed harmony between humans and machines.
Influenced by the chaos of urban spaces and his interest in brilliant, primary color, Léger sought to express the noise, dynamism, and speed of new technology and machinery often creating a sense of movement in his paintings that captured the optimism of the pre-World War I period